The primary example is high-voltage transformers, which can irreparably fail during major solar storms and are thus likely to fail during an EMP event.
Protection of these large transformers would reduce the time required to restore the grid and restore the necessary services it enables. The requirement and cost for generator facility protection are still undetermined but are likely to be similar to transformer protection costs.
To protect SCADA systems, replacement parts are readily available and repairs are relatively uncomplicated. When amortized, protection costs to consumers amount to pennies per month. The failures were due to transformer winding damage caused by electrical breakdown across internal wire insulation.
As an important side note, transformers with direct-mounted lightning surge arrestors were not damaged during the tests. Similar tests of high-voltage transformers are needed.
In general, fiber-optic networks are less susceptible than metallic line networks; however, fiber-optic multipoint line driver and receiver boxes, which are designed to protect against ground current, may fail in EMP environments. Because of its low-frequency content, E3 penetrates to great ocean depths, which subjects undersea power amplifiers to high risk of burnout.
From a risk-based priority standpoint, the electric power grid is a high priority for EMP protection. Hardening this infrastructure alone would have major benefits for national resilience — the ability to sustain, reconstitute, and restart critical services. EMP engineering solutions have been implemented and standardized by DOD since the s and are well documented:.
Transformer protection against E1 overvoltages is achievable by installing common metal-oxide varistors control elements in electrical circuits on transformers from each phase to ground. Whereas a radio signal might produce a thousandth of a volt or less in a receiving antenna, an EMP pulse might produce thousands of volts.
Secondly, it is a single pulse of energy that disappears completely in a small fraction of a second. In this sense, it is rather similar to the electrical signal from lightning, but the rise in voltage is typically a hundred times faster. This means that most equipment designed to protect electrical facilities from lightning works too slowly to be effective against EMP. There is no evidence that EMP is a physical threat to humans.
Aside from the usual survival tips, such as having food, water, and medical kits ready - functioning electronic devices will help you stay connected to what is going on. So do what you can to keep all your electronic devices and appliances up and running. There are a few ways to shield or protect your electronics, but make sure you always practice caution.
A home-made Faraday cage more on Faraday cages later can be created by completely covering your electronics or appliances in tinfoil. Wrap the chosen device with a cloth, paper or any non-conductive insulation and add about three layers of tinfoil with no visible gaps.
PS: The shell should be well-grounded for this method to properly work. Houses with metal roofs or solar panels should provide some protection from an EMP, but it must be well-grounded. Microwaves generally operate at the frequency of 2. They have built-in shielding that uses non-ionizing radiation, causing your food to absorb energy. Water molecules interact with each other, sending kinetic energy out as heat. The glass window of a microwave has small holes in a metal screen which can act as a Faraday Cage, which keeps the energy inside the walls of the microwave.
This protects you when you're heating food, but it will also work in reverse - providing some protection to electronics placed inside when an EMP attack occurs.
To test the effectiveness, place your electronics or small appliances in your microwave turned off and check if you receive a signal. Also - do NOT use the microwave with the devices inside! Named after its founder and s scientist, Michael Faraday, a Faraday cage, bag, or case will help distribute electromagnetic radiation to the outer surface, ensuring that no charge ends up within the enclosure.
It effectively acts as an EMP shield built to redirect power from the ground. Devices inside the cage will be protected from damaging currents.
Although there are many kits or templates for EMP-proof boxes available online, it might be worth investing in a professional cage. EMP-shielding reduces the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields, and electrostatic fields; all of which produce potential threats to electronic systems. We have developed a range of sophisticated Faraday Cages to help protect your electronics. Our all-environment EMP shield cases are molded with an exclusive conductive resin providing a high-level of attenuation for electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of frequencies.
The cases are also sealed for protection against dust and water and are robust to handle the kind of knocks you'd get in travel. Unlike traditional copper, aluminum, steel or DIY enclosures, the conductive plastic adhesive we use for our cases doesn't lose its shielding capability due to possible corrosion. It provides electrical continuity between the lid and base of the case which protects your electronics from possible dust or water.
EMP protection for your electronics or appliances is not so difficult that only government agencies can prepare. There's a good chance you'll never need the protection, but you have to ask yourself if you're the type of person willing to risk it. If not, whether it's a DIY solution or a professional EMP bag, make sure you take the necessary steps to protect yourself from devastating future events.
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