Bush who promised his people to kill Osama, not knowing that lives are in the hands of God. June 12, - A Russian newspaper publishes what it claims is an interview with Mullah Mohammed Omar. Omar states bin Laden is alive in Afghanistan. The fire from this war will reach America, and it will burn the capital that launched an unjust attack on Muslims. March 10, - Muslim clerics in Spain issue what they call the world's first fatwa, or Islamic edict, against bin Laden.
They call him an apostate and urge others of their faith to denounce him. The ruling is issued by the Islamic Commission of Spain, the main body representing the country's Muslim community.
December - The US government admits a "lack of intelligence" on bin Laden's whereabouts, noting he could be in Afghanistan or Pakistan. May 2, - In the early morning hours, a small group of US Forces, including Navy Seals, raid a walled and fortified compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
In the ensuing firefight, bin Laden and three other men die. A woman also dies. Bin Laden reportedly dies of a gunshot wound to the head.
DNA samples are taken before his body is buried at sea. Photos: The death of Osama bin Laden. Click through to see reactions from around the world following the death of the al Qaeda leader. Hide Caption. President Obama edits his remarks in the Oval Office prior to making a televised statement announcing bin Laden's death. Revelers gather at the fence on the north side of the White House. Afghans watch television coverage in Kabul announcing the killing of bin Laden.
Times Square is filled shortly after the announcement of bin Laden's death. Students gather to celebrate at the fence on the north side of the White House.
A passer-by looks at newspaper headlines in front of the Newseum in Washington. A visitor photographs the fence overlooking the crash site of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, on May 2, Some of those peacekeepers were well-educated and internationally experienced and, in subsequent research on the radicalization of individuals in Mauritius to support Islamic State, several were found to be well-educated, comfortable, and from privileged backgrounds — as was Bin Laden.
Our flagship newsletter provides a weekly round-up of content, from expert analysis and research to video and audio. Despite all this US funding and training, 20 years on from the attack on the Twin Towers the Al-Qaeda franchise is still vibrant in Africa as a resilient and attractive jihadi affiliation in several countries where it first emerged — although Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM has significantly weakened in Algeria over time.
But the African jihadi terrain is much more crowded now, with affiliations often used as flags of convenience while mergers, factional infighting, and fragmentation are commonplace. There is also increased fighting between groups affiliated to Al-Qaeda and Islamic State, particularly in parts of the Sahel. Jihadism in Africa is not retreating, and poverty and inequality remain key drivers for recruitment.
Military training plays a role but a combination of prosperity, equitable development, and accountable government remains the best approach to encourage resilience against its spread. This idea appealed to the young bin Laden, who resented what he saw as a growing Western influence on Middle Eastern life. In , Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan; soon afterward, Azzam and bin Laden traveled to Peshawar, a Pakistani city on the border with Afghanistan, to join the resistance.
They did not become fighters themselves, but they used their extensive connections to win financial and moral support for the mujahideen the Afghan rebels. They also encouraged young men to come from all over the Middle East to be a part of the Afghan jihad.
Most importantly, it showed bin Laden and his associates that it was possible to put pan-Islamism into practice. After the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in , bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia to step up fundraising for this new and more complicated mission. After one more year of preparation, al Qaeda struck for the first time: A bomb exploded in a hotel in Aden, Yemen, that had housed American troops on their way to a peacekeeping mission in Somalia.
No Americans died in the blast, but two Austrian tourists did. Emboldened, bin Laden and his associates embraced violent jihad in earnest. For example, they trained and armed the Somali rebels who killed 18 American servicemen in Mogadishu in National Guard training center in Riyadh that same year; and the truck bomb that destroyed the Khobar Towers, an American military residence in Dharan, in On August 7, , bombs exploded simultaneously at the U.
Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, where people were killed and 4, were injured, and Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, where 11 people were killed and 85 were injured. Al Qaeda took credit for the bombings. Then, on October 12, , a small boat loaded with explosives plowed into the hull of the U. Cole, an American naval destroyer docked off the coast of Yemen. Bin Laden took credit for that incident as well.
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